Italy is officially the Italian Republic and located on Italian Peninsula in the Southern Europe on two largest islands in Mediterranean Sea, Sardinia and Sicily. Italy shares its boundaries with France, Slovenia, Austria and Switzerland. Independent states of Vatican City and San Marino are also enclaves within Italian peninsula as well as Campione is an Italian exclave and is in the Switzerland. This county has been home of the European culture such as Etruscans and Romans,

In Early 1946, son of Vittorio Emanuele III was forced to abdicate and then Italy became republic after referendum held in 1946. That day has been celebrating sine Republic Day. It was first election in Italy that allows women to vote. Constitution of republican was approved and then came into force in 1948, areas of eastern border was lost under Paris peace treaty in 1947, and a free treaty of Trieste divided between two states.

Since appearance in 1800s, Italian Criminal societies known as Mafia and have infiltrated economic and social fabric of Italy that is impacting on world now. They are most notorious as well as widespread criminal societies of all. Several other groups there are active in U.S Sicilian Mafia or the Neapolitan Mafia and United Sacred Crow. There is estimation of four Groups that have approx 25,000 of total members with about 250,000 worldwide affiliates.

Visual Art

Traditionally, painting of Italy is characterized with the warmth of colors and light, as it is exemplified in world of Titian and Caravaggio, and preoccupation with the religious and motifs figures. Italian painting enjoys the preeminence in Europe for many years, from Gothic periods and Romanesque through Renaissance.

Mitch Burlo Institute

It is a children's hospital and located in the Trieste, Italy. Since the Unit for Health Services Research & international Hospital Cooperation 1992, it acts as WHO Center for the Maternal as well as Child Health with following reference and terms: To evaluate and develop the appropriate technologies for the heath care during newborn period, pregnancy,

Official language of Italy is Italian; about 93% of the Italian population is Italian native speakers. 50% of population speaks regional dialects as their mother tongue. Several dialects are unintelligible mutually and considered by the linguistics separate language. Some other northern minority languages includes German, Slovene, Ladin that enjoys recognition equally with Italian in province of Alto-Adige as well as French that is legally recognized in Alpine region of Val d'Aosta.

Rome

It is the capital city of Italy, populous and largest, with 2,726,539 residents in urban areas having 1,285 km2. City is collated in Central-western portion of Italian Peninsula, on Tiber River. History of Rome spans over two and half thousand years,

Italian Cuisine is knows today as national cuisine of ingredients and dishes that vary by region, there are so many dishes that are significantly regional and have different variations across country in present day. Wine and cheese are major parts of Italian cuisine and playing a different role both nationally and regionally with many variations. Italy is famous world wide for its varied and rich cuisine; cuisine of Italy is part of the Italian culture.

Population of Italy was estimated at 57,634,327 in 2002. In same year birth rate of population stood at the 9.13 per 1,000 while death rate was at 9.99 as per 1000 people. Projected rate of growth is 0.09%. This data shows without influx of the foreign immigrants and Italian population would also suffer as steady decline. Some other restrictive immigration policies that were being adopted and expected that population will decrees at 56,484,000 by 2010.

Area of northern Island in Italy such as Turin, Bologna and Milan have the continental climate that is typically classified as subtropical Humid climate, while some coastal areas of Liguria and peninsula south generally fit Mediterranean climate. Costal areas of Peninsula can be different from interior during winter months particularly. Higher altitude is so cold, snowy and wet. Coastal regions, in which most of towns are located, have typical Mediterranean climate having hot and mild winters and summer is dry generally.